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HeightsCast

The Sex Difference in Education: A Review of the Literature

Months ago, Heights teacher Joe Lanzilotti took up a prodigious project: reviewing the body of popular literature on boys’ education.

Partway through his journey, Dr. Lanzilotti catches us up on the diversity of scientific, biological, psychological, and moral perspectives—and how they cohere into a bigger picture of boys and where their developmental needs differ from those of girls. Framing the evidence with papal guidance from the last century gives us a solid starting-point to consider the education of boys according to their nature.

Chapters:

00:04:09 The timeline of research on boys
00:08:26 Why attend to the sex difference
00:10:36 Definition of a man: fatherhood, sonship
00:15:06 Sex differences manifest early
00:21:05 The secular evidence supports natural law
00:28:51 The importance of role models
00:32:10 Single-sex education
00:34:55 Athletic trials
00:36:10 Male friendship
00:42:11 The collaboration of men and women
00:50:25 Parents, teachers: be not afraid
00:59:40 Educate boys according to their nature

Links:

The Male Brain by Louann Brizendine

Defending Boyhood by Anthony Esolen

No Apologies: Why Civilization Depends on the Strength of Men by Anthony Esolen

The Anxious Generation by Jonathan Haidt

The War Against Boys by Christina Hoff Sommers

The Two Sexes: Growing Up Apart, Coming Together by Eleanor Maccoby

Boys Adrift by Leonard Sax

How to Raise a Boy by Michael Reichert, which Dr. Lanzilotti critiques

“Letter to the Bishops on the Collaboration of Men and Women” by Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger

“Letter to Women” by Pope John Paul II

Mulieris Dignitatem by Pope John Paul II

The Gurian Institute, training programs on boys’ and girls’ academic development

American Institute for Boys and Men, advocates for evidence-based policy solutions

Also on the Forum:

What Parents and Teachers Need to Know about The Male Brain by Dr. Joseph Lanzilotti

Raising the Boys: Saving the Difference by Dr. Joseph Lazilotti

Featured opportunities:

Convivium for Teaching Men at The Heights School (November 13-15, 2025)

January Workshop at The Heights School (January 7-9, 2026) link coming soon

May Workshop at The Heights School (May 6-8, 2026) link coming soon

About the Author

Dr. Joseph Lanzilotti

Math, Classics

Dr. Joseph Lanzilotti joined The Heights School faculty in 2022. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Biology with a second major in Philosophy from DeSales University, a Master of Arts degree in Theology from Ave Maria University, and a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree in Theology from the Pontifical John Paul II Institute for Studies on Marriage and Family. Having grown up in rural New Jersey, Dr. Lanzilotti developed a great love for the natural world. He is a beekeeper and gardener. He enjoys trail running, swimming, and skiing. Joseph and his wife, Caeli, have a two-year-old son. They reside in Reston, VA.

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